Orthopaedic Subspecialties

While orthopaedic surgeons are familiar with all aspects of the musculoskeletal system, many orthopaedists specialize in certain areas, such as:

• Foot and ankle
• Hand and wrist
• Hip replacement and reconstruction
• Knee replacement and reconstruction
• Orthopaedic oncology (bone tumors)
• Orthopaedic trauma
• Pediatric orthopaedic surgery
• Shoulder and elbow
• Spine
• Sports medicine

When to See an Orthopaedic Surgeon

Some musculoskeletal injuries are considered emergencies and require immediate medical attention. Go to the nearest emergency room (ER) if you have:

• A broken bone —especially if it is an open fracture (the bone is visible) or you have multiple fractures
• Intense pain or other concerning symptoms, like a fever, inability to bear weight or move your limb, severe bleeding, or loss of consciousness

Your primary care doctor can be a good first stop if you are experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms and do not know the cause.

But in many instances, it is reasonable to start with an orthopaedic specialist — either a primary care orthopaedist or an orthopaedic surgeon — for most musculoskeletal symptoms and conditions, including:

• Constant or occasional pain that lasts more than 3 months
• Limited range of motion
• Symptoms that affect your daily function
• Difficulty standing or moving around
• An acute injury that is not responding to simple measures, such as ice or over-the-counter pain medications.

If you have been told by another doctor that you need surgery, your next step should be to schedule an appointment with an orthopaedic surgeon. You can also see an orthopaedic surgeon to get a second opinion about either a diagnosis or a treatment recommendation.